Background of the Study
Environmental degradation is a critical global issue, posing significant threats to biodiversity, human health, and economic sustainability. It manifests in various forms, including deforestation, pollution, soil erosion, and desertification (Olawale & Ibrahim, 2024). Constitutional law plays a fundamental role in providing the legal framework for environmental protection and sustainability, ensuring that governments implement policies, regulations, and enforcement mechanisms to mitigate environmental harm (Bello & Usman, 2024). In Nigeria, the 1999 Constitution (as amended) recognizes environmental rights, particularly under Section 20, which mandates the government to protect and improve the environment. However, weak enforcement, corruption, and policy inconsistencies continue to hinder effective environmental governance (Adebayo & Yusuf, 2024).
In Wase Local Government Area, Plateau State, environmental degradation is a pressing issue, primarily driven by illegal mining, deforestation, and unsustainable agricultural practices (Okonkwo & Mustapha, 2023). The unregulated extraction of mineral resources has led to land degradation, water pollution, and loss of biodiversity, threatening livelihoods and food security in the area (Yakubu & Aliyu, 2024). Despite constitutional provisions and environmental protection laws, enforcement remains weak, allowing environmental degradation to persist. This study examines the effectiveness of constitutional law in addressing environmental degradation, evaluating challenges, policy gaps, and enforcement mechanisms in Wase LGA.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Despite Nigeria’s constitutional and legal frameworks on environmental protection, environmental degradation continues to escalate, largely due to weak enforcement, lack of political will, and economic interests (Adebayo & Yusuf, 2024). In Wase LGA, issues such as land degradation, deforestation, and pollution from mining activities have caused severe environmental damage, threatening water resources, agriculture, and public health (Bello & Usman, 2024). The ineffective enforcement of environmental laws has resulted in continuous ecological harm, raising concerns about the role of constitutional law in mitigating environmental degradation. This study investigates the extent to which constitutional law influences environmental protection and sustainability in Wase LGA.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
To analyze the role of constitutional law in addressing environmental degradation in Wase LGA.
To identify challenges hindering effective enforcement of environmental laws.
To propose legal and institutional reforms to improve environmental protection.
1.4 Research Questions
How does constitutional law impact environmental degradation control in Wase LGA?
What are the key challenges affecting the enforcement of environmental laws?
What legal reforms can strengthen environmental protection efforts?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
H₀: Constitutional law has no significant effect on addressing environmental degradation in Wase LGA.
H₁: Weak enforcement of environmental laws contributes to continuous environmental degradation.
H₂: Strengthening constitutional and legal frameworks enhances environmental sustainability.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This study is crucial for policymakers, environmental agencies, researchers, and civil society organizations, providing insights into constitutional and legal mechanisms for environmental protection. The findings will aid in policy formulation, legal reforms, and advocacy for stronger environmental governance and enforcement mechanisms in Nigeria.
1.7 Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study is limited to Wase Local Government Area, Plateau State, focusing on constitutional law, environmental policies, and enforcement challenges. Limitations may include difficulty in obtaining environmental impact data.
1.8 Operational Definition of Terms
Environmental Degradation: The deterioration of the environment due to human activities and natural processes.
Deforestation: The large-scale removal of trees, leading to biodiversity loss and climate change.
Sustainability: The responsible use of natural resources to meet present and future generations' needs.
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